The answer lies in the fact that Securities and Exchange Commission of Cambodia (SECC) and Cambodia Securities Exchange (CSX) are underpinned by a disclosure-based regime, which promotes understanding by the investing public of

• The risks and liabilities of investing in securities; and

• The importance of making informed investment decisions, and taking responsibility for such decisions.

Regulators cannot and should not make investment decisions on behalf of investors with different investment experience, objectives and financial circumstances. To seek to ensure that you are armed with sufficient knowledge to make an informed investment decision, rules are in place to require accurate and timely disclosure of the pertinent information. With statutory measures in place to safeguard your right to know, comes responsibility to play your part. You do so by reading and analyzing the information available to help you make informed investment decisions. Cover the basics by reading company prospectuses, announcements, circulars and periodic reports.

Don’t assume that information contained in announcements, circulars and periodic reports is just a routine. Investment choices are for you to make. To be a responsible investor, follow a company’s developments closely by keeping an eye out for its news.

John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), British economist

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), French philosopher and writer

ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុននៅក្នុងទីក្រុងញូវយ៉ក ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៧៩២ នៅពេលដែលពាណិជ្ចករ និង អន្ដរការីជើសារ (Brokers)
ចំនួន ២៤នាក់ បានសំរេចចិត្ដយកកំរៃជើងសារ នៅពេលដែលដើរតួជាភ្នាក់ងារសំរាប់អ្នកជំនួញនៅក្នុងកិច្ចការជំនួញ របស់គេគឺផ្តល់មធ្យោបាយ ងាយស្រួល និងឆាប់រហ័ស និងជាទីពេញចិត្ដទៅឲ្យគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមក លើចរាចរទំនិញ និង សេវារបស់អ្នកជំនួញទាំងនោះ។ ពួកគេបានធ្វើការជួញដូរ នៅក្រោមដើមឈើមួយនៅផ្លូវ វ៉លស្ទ្រីត (Wallstreet)លេខ៦៨ ជាប្រចាំទើបបង្កើតឲ្យមាន ទីផ្សារមួយដែលមានឈ្មោះថា វ៉លស្ទ្រីត  (Wallstreet) រហូតមកដល់ពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។ បន្ទាប់មក មូលបត្ររបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលត្រូវបានបង្កើត និងត្រូវបានដាក់ឱ្យជួញដូរ និងមានហ៊ុនរបស់ធនាគារ និងហ៊ុនរបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុន ធានារ៉ាប់រ៉ង ទាំងនេះបានបន្ថែមលើបរិមាណនៃប្រតិបត្ដិការជួញដូរកាន់តែរីកថែមទៀត។ ក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៨១៧ អន្ដរការីជើងសារ (Brokers)នៅក្នុងទីក្រុងញូវយ៉ក  បានសំរេចចិត្ដចាត់ចែងជាផ្លូវការ នូវក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសំរាប់ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន  បន្ទាប់មកទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុនបានរីកចំរើនជាមួយនឹង ឧស្សាភាវូបនីយកម្មរបស់អាមេរិកដែរ។

នៅឆ្នាំ ១៨១៣ ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុននៅទីក្រុងញូវយ៉ក បានអនុម័តនូវឈ្មោះបច្ចុប្បន្នរបស់ខ្លួនគឺ ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុនញូវយ៉ក (New York Stock Exchange)។ ក្នុងពេលនៃសង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលក៏មានទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុនមួយចំនួនទៀតត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ហើយទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុនមួយ ក្នុងចំណោមទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន ទាំងនោះ ដែលចាត់ទុកជាអ្នកនាំមុខគេគឺ ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន អាមេរិក (American Stock Exchange) គឺជាទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន ធំទីពីរ នៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក នាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ។ សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទីពីរ បានជះឥទ្ធិពលជាអវិជ្ចមានជាច្រើនដល់ ការវិវត្ដន៍នៃទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន។ ជាក់ស្ដែង ប្រទេស អាល្លឺម៉ង់ ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុនទីក្រុងប៊ែកឡាំងបានបាត់បង់នូវតួនាទីដ៏សម្បើម របស់ខ្លួនបន្ទាប់ពីសង្គ្រាម។ ម៉្យាងទៀតទីផ្សារមូលបត្រ ជប៉ុនត្រូវបានគេធ្វើ អោយមានបំលាស់ប្ដូរទាំងស្រុងបន្ទាប់ពីសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទីពីរ នៅ ពេលច្បាប់មូលបត្រថ្មីមួយចំនួន ត្រូវបានតាក់តែងឡើង  ដោយយកគំរូតាម សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។ ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍មួយផ្សេងទៀត ក្រោយសង្គ្រាមលោក លើកទីពីរ គឺជាការចាប់អារម្មណ៍ របស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលនៃប្រទេស កំពុងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ក្នុង ការប្រើប្រាស់  ទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន ដើម្បីសំរបសំរួលការផ្ដល់ ហិរញ្ញប្បទានដល់ការវិនិយោគ។ តាំងពីពេលនោះមក មានប្រទេសជាច្រីន បានមើលឃើញពី អត្ថប្រយោជន៍នៃទីផ្សារ ភាគហ៊ុន ហើយកចាប់ផ្ដើម ខិតខំបង្កើតជាទីផ្សារនេះឡើង។

នាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ ស្ទើរតែគ្រប់ប្រទេសអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ទាំងអស់ មានទីផ្សារភាគហ៊ុន និងបណ្ដាប្រទេស កំពុងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ ផ្សេងៗទៀតក៏កំពុងខិតខំបង្កើតទីផ្សារនេះឡើងដែរដូចករណីប្រទេសកម្ពុជានាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះដែលកំពុងតែខ្នះខ្នែងបង្កើតឱ្យមានទីផ្សារហ៊ុននេះឡើងជាប្រយោជន៏សេដ្ឋកិច្ច
និងការរីកចំរើនរបស់ប្រទេស។

Milton Friedman (1912–2006), US economist and winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Economics

For example, let us say you have in pocket $100.

Option 1:

You don’t have any real need for that money right now, and you sure wouldn’t mind trying to make that money work itself up to a bigger
sum. You could place a bet on the roulette wheel, in which case the fate of that $100 would depend entirely on your ability to predict random probability. Regardless of how much research you put into that prediction, the end result once the ball began to roll would be determined by nothing more than sheer chance. That’s pretty risky.

Option 2:

Investing in stocks works a differently. Once purchased, a stock represents a partnership between its issuing company and its investor. The investor has agreed to buy into the business and, in return, the issuing company has agreed to try to increase that amount by using it to
improve the business. You want the company to succeed; the company wants to succeed. Where is the gamble in that?

Choosing which partnership you want is also not gambling. The research involved here is not an attempt to understand a science like random probability; it is designed to increase familiarity with the company. Disclosed Information on the issuing companies is made available so
you can decide whether this is a company in which you would feel comfortable investing.

The fear that investing in the stock market is reliant on chance is proved wrong as new investors learn that the processes and tools with which they pick stocks are not based on random chance but on intelligent research and decision making.

I hope you understand the difference between investing in stock market and gambling. They are not the same.

John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), British economist

Information Stock Tables Provide:

Price: The most important information about a stock you are interested in is the price of a share. The quote usually shows several prices. The last or closing price (Column 11: Close) is the price of the last transaction that occurred before the stock exchange closed. Some quotes might also give the high and low prices Column 9 & 10: Hi and Lo) throughout the day. In other words, these are the maximum and the minimum prices that people have paid for the stock.

Keep in mind, you are not guaranteed to get this price if you buy the stock the next day because the price is constantly changing.

Volume: This is the number of shares sold during the day of trading- the daily volume (Column 8: Vol), listed in hundreds. To get the actual number traded, add “00″ to the end of the number listed.

Dividend: The dividend is the amount that corporations pay out of their profits to their stockholders. Column 5: Div means Dividend Per Share – This indicates the annual dividend payment per share. If this space is blank, the company does not currently pay out dividends. Some stock tables show the dividend paid over the previous year for each share of stock.
Sometimes the dividend yield, Column 6:Yield  is provided, which is the percentage return on the dividend. Calculated as annual dividends per share divided by price per share.

Price-earnings Ratio, Column 7: Often called the P/E, the price-earnings ratio is the current price of a corporation’s stock divided by the amount the corporation earned per share over the past year. The typical price-earnings ratio is about 15. A higher P/E shows that a corporation’s stock is expensive in relation to its recent earnings, which might mean that people expect a future rise in earnings or that the stock is overvalued. A lower P/E indicates that a corporation’s stock is cheap in relation to its recent earnings. This might mean that people expect earning to fall or that the stock is undervalued.

Company Name & Type of Stock, Column 3: – This column lists the name of the company. If there are no special symbols or letters following the name, it is common stock. Different symbols imply different classes of shares. For example, “pf” means the shares are preferred stock.

Ticker Symbol, Column 4: - This is the unique alphabetic name which identifies the stock. If you are looking for stock quotes online, you always search for a company by the ticker symbol.

Net Change, Column 12: - This is the dollar value change in the stock price from the previous day’s closing price. When you hear about a stock being “up for the day,” it means the net change was positive.

To get quotes, simply enter the ticker symbol into the quote box of any major financial site like Yahoo! Finance, CBSMarketwatch, or MSN Moneycentral.